The course aims to offer a historical-critical cut of Spinoza's political-religious thought, as emerges from the theological-political Treatise, a unitary text, the sections of which are theological and political, moments of a single discourse whose central theme is that of liberation from all forms of prejudice and oppression. In the age of fires and the Inquisition, Spinozian ideas emerge in the Treaty in all their explosive radicality. On the one hand, the link between political philosophy, biblical criticism and Spinozian metaphysics will be highlighted; on the other it will be highlighted how and why the Treaty problem finds its fulfillment in the discussion on the foundations of law and the State. The demolition of theological prejudice, pursued through the analysis of the foundations of the theological tradition, and the careful reflection on the history of the Jewish people - which ends in the subordination of religious power to political power - are central and preparatory moments to the affirmation of the civil liberties, in which the author himself defines the purpose of the work.