HISTOLOGY
The eukaryotic cell: nucleus and cytoplasm general organization; basic techniques for studying the cell.
Cell differentiation and organization of cells in tissues.
Epithelial tissue: morphology and general characteristics of epithelial tissues. Epithelial tissue types: coating epithelia, exocrine glandular epithelia, endocrine glandular epithelia.
Connective tissue: morphology and general characteristics of connective tissues (cells, fibers, amorphous substance). Types of connective tissue: proper connective tissue (loose, dense), supporting connective tissue (cartilage, bone), trophic connective tissue (blood, adipose tissue). Process of formation, growth and bone remodeling. Basic concepts on lymphoid tissues and immune system.
Muscle tissue: morphology and general characteristics of muscle tissues. Types of muscle tissue: striated skeletal muscle, cardiac streaked, smooth.
Nervous tissue: morphology and general characteristics of neurons and neuroglia cells. Types of neurons (morphological and functional classification). Types of nerve fibers and regeneration mechanisms. Types of neuroglia cells. Structure and types of synapses. Neuromuscular junction.
EMBRYOLOGY
Fertilisation: modifications of the gametes; histophysiology of fertilisation; zygote and cell differentiation.
First week of development: segmentation; morula; blastocyst; embryoblast and trophoblast.
2nd week of development: implantation; bilaminar disk; evolution of the trophoblast.
3rd week of development: notochord; formation of the three germ layers (ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm); definition of body shape and body axis.
4th week of development: development and derivatives of the ectoderm (neural tube and encephalic vesicles, stomodea); development and derivatives of the mesoderm (paraxial, intermediate and lateral mesoderm, somite, mesenchyme); development and derivatives of the endoderm (primitive intestine, anterior gut and pharyngeal intestine: furrows, arches and gill pouches).
