CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY AND CLINICAL MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

General Module

Course Sheet

Course code:

SAS007A

Academic Year of enrolment:

2020

Year of supply:

2020/2021

Type of Course:

Characterising

Degree:

Course of 2nd Cycle Degree in FOOD AND HEALTH SCIENCES

Disciplinary Sector:

Clinical Biochemistry and Biology

Is part of:

BIOCHEMISTRY OF NUTRITION

Location:

CHIETI

Credits:

Programme Year:

Professor and Collaborators:

PIERAGOSTINO DAMIANA

Cycle:

First semester

Hours of classroom activity:

Individual study hours:

102

Prerequisites:

- Basic knowledge of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry Propaedeutics

- - Basic knowledge of mathematics and anatomy

Objectives

Knowledge of the biochemical mechanisms essential for cellular metabolic function.
Knowledge of the metabolic specializations of the main organs and systems and related biochemical tests used for diagnosis.

Contents

Energy metabolism and related diseases
Fundamentals of laboratory medicine;
Clinical biochemistry Analysis with particular reference to the alterations of the biochemical picture in organs and systems diseases .
Analytical techniques in clinical biochemistry and laboratory medicine

Extended Syllabus

Glucose metabolism. Digestion and absorption of carbohydrates. Synthesis and degradation of glycogen. Anabolism and catabolism of glucose. Mechanisms of regulation of glucose metabolism.
Lipid metabolism. Digestion and absorption. Anabolism and catabolism of fatty acids. Ketogenesis. Regulation of lipid metabolism. Mention on the metabolism of phospholipids and steroids.
Protein metabolism. Digestion and absorption. Enzymatic hydrolysis of proteins. Mechanism of action of some peptidase.
Catabolism of amino acids. Urea synthesis. Regulation of amino acid metabolism. Protein synthesis.
Citric acid cycle (Krebs Cycle). Biological oxidations and bioenergetics. Energetic meaning of oxidative reactions. The redox potential. The mitochondrion: shuttle mechanisms for the transport of electrons, the respiratory chain . Energy reserves. Uncoupling agents. ROS. Lipid peroxidation. Antioxidant enzymes.
Metabolic Diseases subjected to Expanded Newborn Screening . Organic Acid Disorders, fatty acid oxidation disorders, Amino Acids Metabolism Disorders, urea cycle disorders, diagnostic and confirmation tests and therapy. Second tier test.
Statistical tools . Analytical performance evaluation (Accuracy, Precision, LOD, LOQ), Diagnostic tests and ROC Curves analysis. “Brain-to-Brain loop” process. Pre-analytical step, Biological Variability, Sample Variability, Indicators of Quality, Sources of Error.
The Blood: Arterial, Venous and Capillary. Arterial blood gas (ABG) test: pathophysiology, oxygenation status and acid–base balance. Diagnostic Haematology: Red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs), and platelets. Blood Smear, Hematocrit (Hct), Hemoglobin (Hgb), Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV), Mean Corpuscolar Haemoglobin (MCH ), Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC), Red Cell Distribution Width (RDW). Platelet indices (PI): mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet distribution width (PDW), plateletcrit (PCT).
Dyslipidaemias. Plasma lipoproteins (LDL, VLDL, Chylomicrons, HDL, Lp (a)), LDL Receptor, LPL. Lipoprotein metabolism, exogenous and endogenous. Dyslipidemias, Fredrickson classification, Pathogenetic classification. Lipid profile and diagnosis.
Diagnostic Enzyme. Plasma concentration of enzymes (Release and Clearance). Muscle, Liver, Pancreatic, Bone and Cardiac Enzymes. Techniques for measuring the enzymatic activity of the main enzymes of diagnostic interest.
Serum protein electrophoresis. Electrophoretic techniques and application to plasma cell dyscrasias.
Kidney: urine formation and laboratory diagnostics, biomarkers of kidney diseases, acid-base balance, classification of kidney diseases. Chemical-physical and morphological examination of urine.
Diabetes. Classification, Blood sugar, diagnosis and complications.

Recommended Bibliography

- M. Ciaccio, G. Lippi- Biochimica Clinica e Medicina di Laboratorio- Edises

- Medicina di laboratorio
di Giorgio Federici- McGraw-Hill

Teaching Methods

Traditional Lesson

Evaluation methods

Verification of learning:

Oral exam
At the end of the oral examination a judgment will be expressed as reflected by the vote in thirtieths:
A) excellent knowledge and understanding of the topics, reasoning skills and logical integration of the acquired knowledge and insertion in the context of Clinical Biochemistry. Rating: 30/30.
If the student, who has achieved this evaluation, has shown wide autonomy of judgment, high communication skills and autonomous learning skills, the laude will be proposed.
B) Good knowledge and understanding of the topics with some minor inaccuracies and with a good capacity for logical integration and judgment, and application Rating: 27-29 / 30
C) Discrete knowledge and understanding of the topics and, despite some gaps in the ability to integrate and apply knowledge. Rating: 24-26 / 30
D) Knowledge and understanding of the arguments fully sufficient, although there are clear gaps, which are reflected in a reduced capacity for integration, logic and application. Rating 21-23 / 30
E) Knowledge and understanding of the topics with serious and evident gaps, with limited integrative and applicative skills, but which also allow the passing of the exam. Rating 18-20 / 30

Università degli Studi
"G. d'Annunzio"

Chieti - Pescara

Aree