BIOLOGY, ANATOMY AND HISTOLOGY

Integrated educational activity

Course Sheet

Course code:

CRD11A3

Academic Year of enrolment:

2021

Year of supply:

2021/2022

Degree:

Course of 1st Cycle Degree in CARDIOCIRCULATORY AND CARDIOVASCULAR PERFUSION TECHNIQUES

Moduls:

APPLIED BIOLOGY - 2 credits
HUMAN ANATOMY - 3 credits
HISTOLOGY - 1 credits

Location:

CHIETI

Credits:

Programme Year:

Cycle:

First semester

Hours of classroom activity:

Prerequisites:

To have completed the Additional Formation Offer (OFA) if indicated.obtaining the frequency (min 70%), no prerequisites

Objectives

Applied Biology
To educate "critical method" and to the discussion through the description of experiments; acquisition of knowledge of the structures and principles for the unity of the different biological units in their energy and informational logic.
Human Anatomy
At the end of the course the student must have acquired a three-dimensional representation of human body, surface characteristics, and internal organization. The approach will be mainly of a systematic type, based on the study of the single apparatus and therefore of the organs and viscera that constitute the systems and apparatus. At the same time, students will be provided with the basic notions for a topographical study of Human Anatomy, taking into account the large regions of the body in order to better evaluate the relationships between organs, viscera and connective devices in each territory. Organs and viscera will be considered in their macroscopic and microscopic structural features as they appear after dissection of the body, after radiological examination and after observation of sections processed for optical microscopy. When necessary, ultrastructural aspects will also be taken into consideration. The acquisitions will be finally integrated with elements of functional anatomy and clinical anatomy to avoid a too sectorial view of the subject.
Histology
The acquisition of the basic information required to understand:-human embryonic derivation, the concept of stem cell and differentiation;-the knowledge of morpho-functional bases necessary to understand the microscopic organization of the different human tissues at cellular and subcellular level.

Contents

Applied Biology
provides:- describe the biological macromolecules
- illustrating the structure of biological membranes and cell-environment interactions;
- describe the processes of mitosis, meiosis, duration of the phases and regulation of the cell cycle;
- within the structure of the Nucleic Acids, to illustrate the general characteristics of the DNA. Describe the flow of genetic information from one cell generation to another and describe DNA replication and repair. Describe the various levels of DNA organization in the cell. To illustrate the organization of the genome and of the extracellular DNA;
- to illustrate the general characteristics of the RNA, knowing how to describe the flow of information within the cell, demonstrating that it understood the mechanisms of Transcription, of the Genetic Code, of the Protein Synthesis;
- regulation of Gene Expression in prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
- asexual and sexual reproduction.
-Spermatogenesis. Oogenesis. Fertilization Human Anatomy
Starting from the INTRODUCTION TO SPLANCNOLOGY, the module deals with the study of the apparatuses and systems that make up the human body, with attention to the localization and relationships that the organs that make it take between them and with the surrounding structures hinting their functions.
Histology
Embryonic derivation, organization, structural and functional characteristics of human tissues.

Extended Syllabus

Applied Biology
The chemistry of life:
- Atoms and carbon molecules
- Carbohydrates
- Lipids
- Proteins
- Nucleic acids
The organization of the cell:
- Cell theory
- The organization and size of the cell
- Cell study methods
- Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
- The cell nucleus
- The cytoplasmic organelles provided with a membrane
- The cytoskeleton
- Cellular coatings

Biological membranes:
- The structure of biological membranes
- The passage of materials through biological membranes
- Passive transport
- Active transport
- Exocytosis and endocytosis
- Cellular junctions

Cell communication:
- Cellular signaling: an overview
- Sending signals
- Reception
- Signal transduction
- Responses to signals
- The evolution of cellular communication
The processes of aerobiosis and cellular anaerobiosis:
- Redox reaction
- The four stages of aerobic respiration
- The energy yield of nutrients other than glucose
- Anaerobic respiration and fermentation

The structure of the chromosomes and the processes of mitosis and meiosis:
- Eukaryotic chromosomes
- The cell cycle and mitosis
- Cell cycle regulation
- Sexual reproduction and meiosis

DNA structure and replication:
- Evidence showing that DNA is the hereditary material
- The structure of DNA
- DNA replication
The gene expression:
- The discovery of the gene-protein relationship
- Information flow from DNA to proteins: an overview
- The transcription
- Translation
- Variation of gene expression in different organisms
- The concept of mutation
The mechanisms of gene regulation:
- Gene regulation in bacteria and eukaryotes: an overview
- Gene regulation in bacteria
- Gene regulation in eukaryotic cells
Viruses and subviral agents:
- Status and structure of viruses
- Virus classification
- Viral replication
-Viruses and diseases
- Virus evolution
- Subviral agents
Human Anatomy
Cardiocirculatory systemHeart: location and topography. Structure and function of the valves. Functional anatomy of the circulatory system: arteries, veins and capillaries. The small circulation and the great circulation. Aorta and its primary branches of division. Lymphatic system: general characteristics of the lymphatic circulation. Lymph node stations of the head, neck, thorax, upper limb and lower limb. Main lymphatic trunks. Lymph nodes. Spleen: form, position, relationships and structure.Respiratory systemNose, nasopharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi and pulmonary parenchyma.Pleure and respiratory mechanicsDigestive systemVestibule of the mouth, oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus and stomach. Small intestine (duodenum, jejunum and ileum), large intestine. Liver and biliary ways. Pancreas.Urinary apparatusKidney, calyxes and renal pelvis. Ureters. Urinary bladder. Male and female urethra.Male Genital SystemTesticles. Spermatic ways. External genital organs.Female Genital ApparatusOvary. Genital ways. External genital organs.Endocrine systemPituitary, Thyroid, Adrenal: in a general manner.
Histology
- Embryonic tissues derivation.- Cellular differentiation and tissue regeneration.- Stem cell.- Epithelial Tissue: covering epithelial tissue, glandular epithelium (exocrine, endocrine).- Connective Tissue: Proper Connective Tissue, Adipose Tissue, Support Connective Tissue (Cartilage and Bone), Blood and haemopoiesis.- Muscle Tissue: striated muscular tissue (Skeletal and Cardiac), Smooth muscular tissue.- Nervous Tissue

Recommended Bibliography

Applied Biology
Solomon et al, Fondamenti di Biologia, EdiSeS Editore, VII edizione Napoli
Human Anatomy
Martini Timmons “Anatomia Umama” Ed. EdiSES
Histology
Students can choose one among the following books:Di Pietro ELEMENTI DI ISTOLOGIA Ed. EdiSES
Stevens A, Lowe J.-ISTOLOGIA UMANA Ed. Casa Editrice Ambrosiana
Junqueira –Carneiro COMPENDIO DI ISTOLOGIA Ed. Piccin

Teaching Methods

Frontal lessons stimulating interactivity through classroom discussion of the topics addressed.

Evaluation methods

Verification of learning:

the individual modules can take the exam by oral exam or multiple choice test. The multiple choice test consists of 15 questions. the vote is calculated by multiplying the number of correct answers by two. The questions are prepared by the teacher during the academic year of reference.The oral exam is placed at the end of the course, after having achieved at least 70% of the frequencies. The exam will be carried out according to a schedule established and published on the personal page of the student at the beginning of the academic year. For the off-course courses, additional ad hoc appeals are planned. The outcome of the test is evaluated as a result of learning the specific training objectives. At the end of the test a judgment is formulated that can be summarized using bands of vote in thirtieths:A) excellent knowledge and understanding of the subjects, reasoning skills and logical integration of the acquired knowledge and insertion in the context of a clinical application. Rating: 30/30.If at the same time the student demonstrates autonomy of judgment, high communication skills will be proposed with praise.B) Good knowledge and understanding of the topics with some non-serious inaccuracies and with good capability for logical integration, judgment and application to clinical practice. Rating: 27-29 / 30C) Discrete knowledge and understanding of the topics with some gaps in the ability to integrate and apply knowledge. Rating: 24-26 / 30D) Knowledge and understanding of the arguments fully sufficient, although with some gaps, which are reflect in a reduced ability of integration and application. Rating: 21-23 / 30E) Knowledge and understanding of the topics with obvious gaps. Just sufficient integrative and applicative skills of the concepts learned. Rating: 18-20 / 30F) Knowledge and understanding of the topics with serious and obvious gaps, with limited integrative and applicative skills. Rating: RejectedTo proceed to the weighted average the student must have passed all the modules in the same exam session

Università degli Studi
"G. d'Annunzio"

Chieti - Pescara

Aree