GENERAL PATHOLOGY

General Module

Course Sheet

Course code:

TP11A6B

Academic Year of enrolment:

2021

Year of supply:

2021/2022

Type of Course:

Basic

Degree:

Course of 1st Cycle Degree in ENVIRONMENT AND WORKPLACE PREVENTION TECHNIQUES

Disciplinary Sector:

General Pathology

Is part of:

PHYSIOPATOLOGY AND MICROBIOLOGY

Location:

CHIETI

Credits:

Programme Year:

Professor and Collaborators:

REALE Marcella

Cycle:

Second semester

Obligatory attendance:

Yes

Hours of classroom activity:

Individual study hours:

Prerequisites:

knowledge of cellular and molecular biology, histology and biochemistry,
acquired in the curricular courses and the.prerequisites required by the
core curriculum of CdS

Objectives

The main purpose of the course is to give students the essential
knowledge of the fundamental pathological processes that are the basis
of diseases and immunology, preparatory to the study of the other
disciplines foreseen by the core curriculum.
In particular, the course aims to provide the student with the basic
elements of cellular pathology and pathophysiology for the elemental
understanding of the inflammatory response, the tissue repair processes,
the main immunopathologies and neoplastic diseases.
At the end of the course, the student will be able to know and understand
the main factors present in the environments that affect human health,
the characteristics of cellular and tissue response to chemical and
physical agents. The students will have learned how a cellular damage is
organized in professional illness. And they will have learned the main
inflammatory and degenerative pathological processes.
Skills:
con gravi ed evidenti lacune. Conoscenze sufficienti a sostenere un
dialogo coerente ma con scarse capacità integrative ed applicative, ma
che permettono ugualmente il superamento dell’esame.
Programma esteso -Concetto di stato di salute, omeostasi, malattia e patogenesi. Fattori
patogeni intrinseci ed estrinseci, predisposizione alla malattia, malattie
multifattoriali, interazioni genotipoambiente.
L’ambiente come causa di
malattia: patologia da agenti fisici, chimici e biologici. Esempi di patologie
indotte da inquinanti atmosferici e industriali. Radiazioni, effetti
immediati e tardivi. Patologie da radiazioni, da correnti elettriche, da alte
e basse temperature: colpo di calore, ustioni; assideramento,
congelamento. Patologie da traumi.
-Meccanismi di adattamento cellulare: Ipertrofia, iperplasia, atrofia,
aplasia, ipoplasia, metaplasia, displasia, anaplasia.
-Danno cellulare: reversibile e irreversibile. Morte cellulare.
Caratteristiche e fasi della necrosi. Tipi di necrosi coagulativa,
colliquativa, caseosa, fibrinoide).
-Infiammazione. Angioflogosi: fasi ed evoluzione (modificazioni vascolari,
eventi cellulari, mediatori chimici). Quadri morfologici dell’essudato.
Istoflogosi: fasi ed evoluzione. Granulomi. Manifestazioni sistemiche
dell’infiammazione. Rigenerazione, riparazione (tessuto di granulazione,
tessuto cicatriziale) e guarigione delle ferite.
-Immunologia e Immunopatologia. Immunità aspecifica e specifica.
Meccanismi della risposta umorale e cellulo-mediata (anticorpi, antigeni
del complesso maggiore di istocompatibilità, complemento). Reazioni di
ipersensibilità del I, II, III e IV tipo e patologie correlate.
-Oncologia. Caratteristiche delle neoplasie benigne e maligne. Criteri di
classificazione delle neoplasie. Definizione di oncogeni e geni
oncosoppressori. Biologia della crescita tumorale: alterazioni del controllo
della crescita e del differenziamento, progressione, accrescimento
invasivo e metastatizzazione.
Cancerogenesi ambientale. Principali cancerogeni chimici. Cancerogenesi
da radiazioni ultraviolette e ionizzanti. Agenti inizianti e promuoventi. Fasi
della cancerogenesi.
The student will also be able to apply the acquired knowledge to the
prevention activity in living and working environments. Moreover, by the
moments of discussion and in-depth analysis and by the consultation of
texts carried out during the course, the student will be able to collect,
read and interpret data useful to formulate an independent judgment on
the main topics pertinent to the discipline

Contents

Etiology and pathogenesis of diseases. Cell damage and death agents
-Cellular adaptations: hyperplasia, hypertrophy, metaplasia.
Inflammatory process.
mechanisms of natural and specific immunity. Immunopathology
Characteristics of the tumor cell
-Mechanisms of carcinogenesis
- Tumor progression

Extended Syllabus

General concept of health, disease and homeostasis. Intrinsic and
extrinsic pathogenic factors. The environment as a cause of illness:
pathology from physical, chemical and biological agents. Radiation
disorders, immediate and late effects; electric currents, high and low
temperatures: heat stroke, burns; freezing. Trauma disorders.
-Cellular adaptation: hypertrophy, hyperplasia, atrophy, aplasia,
hypoplasia, metaplasia, dysplasia, anaplasia.Cell death. Apoptosis.
Characteristics and phases of necrosis. Types of coagulative necrosis,
colliquative, caseous, fibrinoid).
-Inflammation. Angioflogosis: phases and evolution (vascular changes,
cellular events, chemical mediators). Exudate. Histoflogosis: phases and
evolution. Granulomas. Systemic manifestations of inflammation.
Regeneration, repair (granulation tissue, scar tissue) and wound healing.
-Immunology and Immunopathology. Non-specific and specific immunity.
Mechanisms of the humoral and cell-mediated response (antibodies,
antigens of the major histocompatibility complex, complement).
Hypersensitivity reactions of type I, II, III and IV and related diseases.
-Oncology. Characteristics of benign and malignant neoplasms.
Classification criteria for neoplasms. Definition of oncogenes and tumor
suppressor genes. Tumor growth biology: cell differentiation, tumor
progression, invasiveness and metastasis.
Environmental carcinogenesis. Starting and promoting agents. Phases of
carcinogenesis.

Recommended Bibliography

Pontieri G.M.: Patologia generale per i C.d.L. in professioni sanitarie.
Piccin
Materiale fornito dal docente

Teaching Methods

Knowledge will be acquired through lectures During the lectures the topics indicated in the program will be presented and discussed, trying to involve the student so that he can be an active part of the lesson.
There will be moments of discussion and
in-depth study of specific issues to facilitate understanding
of the topics covered and allow the development of links and links
among the topics. Learning some issues can be
also implemented by the consultation of texts made available by
professor

Evaluation methods

Verification of learning:

The verification of learning will be done by oral examination. It consists of
an interview with the teacher. The interview is aimed at evaluating the
student in the knowledge of the main concepts represented in the course
objectives of the course; in the ability to use appropriate terminology; in
the ability of critical synthesis of the topics dealt with also through the
deepening in the recommended text.
At the end of the test, the teacher will formulate an opinion expressed in
voting ranges and in marks out of thirty. The recording of the tests takes
place through an electronic procedure in accordance with the methods
indicated in Article 29 of the Administrative Careers Regulation.
Rated 30 - 30 cum laude: Excellent knowledge and understanding of the
topics, reasoning skills and logical integration of the acquired knowledge,
strong aptitude to make connections between different topics; excellent
synthesis skills e. The student, who has achieved this evaluation,
demonstrates autonomy of judgment, high communication skills and
autonomous learning skills, will be offered praise.
Rating 27 - 29: Good knowledge and understanding of the topics with
marginal and not serious gaps. Good ability to integrate logic and
judgment. Mastery of scientific language;
Rating 23 - 26: Fair knowledge and understanding of the topics
moderated in depth and, some gaps, in the ability to integrate and apply
knowledge. significant mastery of scientific language
Rating 20 - 22: Knowledge and understanding of the fully sufficient
arguments, little in-depth analysis, obvious gaps, which are reflected in a
reduced capacity for integration, logic and application. Acceptable
mastery of scientific language
Rating 18 - 19: Knowledge and understanding of the superficial
arguments and with serious and obvious gaps. Sufficient knowledge to
sustain a coherent dialogue but with poor integrative and applicative
skills, but which also allow the passing of the exam

Contacts/More Information

The frequency at the lessons is mandatory and the final exam can be
supported upon the acquisition of the frequency signature and in
compliance with the prerequisites. As reported in the study plan.
The teacher is available for clarification to the students, in the time of
receipt, by appointment.
From Monday to Friday dal lunedì al 10.00- 12.00
N.P.D., edificio C, III livello, tel. al 0871 3554029 mail:mreale@unich.it

Università degli Studi
"G. d'Annunzio"

Chieti - Pescara

Aree