The verification of the preparation of the students will take place with a written exam consisting of open questions, without distinctions between attending and non-attending students . The total points (30) will be divided on the basis of the questions present in the test for importance and extension and announced in the examination. The final score will be given by the sum of the partial scores. There is no oral exam. The duration of the written test is 40-60 minutes. The topics to be examined will reflect those treated during the teaching and present in the program designed to lead students to reflect critically on the contents of the course. The written exam, in addition to verifying the knowledge and understanding of the topics covered, aims to verify the above competences (see Expected learning outcomes): the questions, in fact, include descriptive elements but also critical ones. Necessary to pass the exam is a correct use of the terminology and a clear and concise written exposition that exposes the logical connections between the various topics.