MICROBIOLOGY, PHARMACOLOGY AND HYGIENE

Integrated educational activity

Course Sheet

Course code:

TRM21B3

Academic Year of enrolment:

2019

Year of supply:

2020/2021

Degree:

Course of 1st Cycle Degree in IMAGING AND RADIOTHERAPY TECHNIQUES

Moduls:

MICROBIOLOGY AND CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY - 1 credits
PHARMACOLOGY - 1 credits
GENERAL AND APPLIED HYGIENE - 2 credits

Location:

CHIETI

Credits:

Programme Year:

Cycle:

First semester

Hours of classroom activity:

Prerequisites:

As stated by academic rules

Objectives

The objective of microbiology course is the cquisition of knowledge concerning the structural and physiological characteristics of microorganisms, concepts of pathogenicity and microbial epidemiology, of host-microorganism interactions.

The course of pharmacology is part of the specific objectives of the study program aimed at training a professional figure able to: know and understand the concepts of general pharmacology and the main classes of drugs (mechanisms of action, therapeutic indications, side-effects).
In particular, the Pharmacology course aims to allow the student to develop:
i) the principles of pharmacokinetics (the path of the drug within the human organism, assessed in its qualitative / quantitative aspects) and of the pharmacodynamics (drug / target interactions and analysis of the dose-response relationship); ii) adequate knowledge on the pharmacological basis of therapy, with particular attention to radiopharmaceutical therapy, with antihistaminic and cortisonic drugs in the premedication
EXPECTED LEARNING RESULTS - At the end of the course the student, as far as he is competent, will be able to: i) know the pharmacological basis of the therapy; ii) to know the collateral and toxic effects of drugs and the potential interactions between them.
The course will help to provide the student with tools that will enable him to enhance his ability to relate in team with other professional figures (doctors, nurses, etc.) who, in an increasingly multidisciplinary approach, will be called to take care of the patient.

The course of hygiene contributes to the realization of the educational objectives of the Course of Imaging and Radiotherapy techniques providing students with the knowledge necessary for the achievement of preventive strategies for the protection of health.
EXPECTED LEARNING RESULTS - At the end of the lessons of the course the student will have to:
- understand the determinants of health, hazards and risk factors, prevention strategies, both collective and individual protection systems and interventions aimed at protecting the health and safety of workers and users;
- Know how to undertake adequate preventive and protective actions against diseases, maintaining and promoting the health of the individual of the family and the community;
- Know how to identify the prevalent health problems and advise patients by taking into consideration physical, mental, social and cultural factors;
-be able to evaluate prevention strategies.

Contents

The course of microbiology includes
-Structure, metabolism and reproduction of the bacterial cell and fungal cell.
-Structure, classification and reproduction of viruses.
-Physical and chemical agents in the control of microorganisms.
-Nosocomial infections.

The course of pharmacology includes two sections:
- General pharmacology: this section describes the principles that underlie the human-drug interactions and that in turn are divided into two chapters, the one related to Pharmacokinetics (the effects that the body has on drugs) and the one on Pharmacodynamics (the cellular and molecular mechanisms that underlie the therapeutic, unwanted and toxic effects of drugs).
- Special Pharmacology: this section describes the characteristics of the single classes of drugs (in particular those of the most common use in nuclear medicine).

The course of hygiene includes:
- General principles of epidemiology and prevention
- General prophylaxis of infectious diseases
- Etiology, epidemiology and prophylaxis of infectious diseases

Extended Syllabus

Shape and structure of the bacterial cell
• Bacterial reproduction and spore production
• Microbial growth and culture media
• Pathogenic action of bacteria
• Antimicrobial agents
Structure of the fungal cell
• metabolism and reproduction
• Pathogenic action of fungi
• Antifungal drugs
Notes on Protozoa
Structure and classification of viruses
• Cultivation and titration of viruses
• Pathogenic action of viruses
• Antiviral drugs
Physical and chemical agents in the control of microorganisms
Hospital infections

- Introduction to Pharmacokinetics: absorption, distribution, metabolism, elimination.
- Introduction to Pharmacodynamics: receptor, receptor signal transduction mechanisms, agonist and antagonist concept, potency and efficacy of a drug, therapeutic index
- Rational principles of radiopharmaceutical therapy
-Classification of immune-mediated reactions to drugs and contrast media.
- Reactions to contrast media[examples of premedication and therapy (Pharmacology of histaminergic transmission and cortisonic drugs)]

General principles of epidemiology and prevention
- Main epidemiological measures (prevalence, incidence, relative risk)
- Basis of the main epidemiological studies
Epidemiology of infectious diseases
- Microbial agents
- Natural history of infectious diseases
- Determinants of infectious diseases
- Transmission mode
- Spatio-temporal relationships in the infectious diseases spread
General prophylaxis of infectious diseases
- Indirect prophylaxis: generality and areas of intervention
- Direct prophylaxis: principles, methods for sterilization, disinfection and disinfestation
- Specific prophylaxis: vaccines, immune sera, immunoglobulins, vaccination calendar, chemoprophylaxis
Etiology, epidemiology and prophylaxis of the following diseases:
- Viral hepatitis (A, B, C, notes on the others)
- Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS)
- Tetanus
- Influenza
- Food infections

Recommended Bibliography

E. Lanciotti: Principi di Microbiologia Clinica, CEA
La Placa: Principi di Microbiologia Medica, Esculapio

F. Clementi e G. Fumagalli. Farmacologia generale e molecolare. Editore:UTET
Panus PC, Katzung B, Jobst EE, Tinsley SL, Masters SB, Trevor AJ. Farmacologia in riabilitazione, Edi-ermes

Meloni C. Igiene per le lauree delle professioni sanitarie. Casa Editrice Ambrosiana; additional teaching material: slide projected in class and provided by the teacher

Teaching Methods

Within the microbiology course, the theoretical knowledge will be acquired through the attendance to the lessons, integrated with the study of the recommended textbooks and the material provided by the teacher in the classroom.

The course of pharmacology includes lectures and interactive lessons. It aims to provide the theoretical basis necessary for a reasoned understanding of what the drug produces once it has been introduced into the human organism (pharmacodynamics) taking into account how it is distributed and modified in the organism itself (pharmacokinetics). At the same time, special care will be taken in linking theoretical knowledge with the evidence emerging from the use of drugs as tools of therapeutic armamentarium. In itinere will be proposed exercises (multiple choice tests) to verify the level of personal learning on the various covered topics.

The course of hygiene is structured in lectures that provide a strong interactive component between Teacher and Students. The course is divided into three phases that are preliminary to each other. The aim of the first phase is to provide the conceptual basis of the epidemiological discipline, its generic and specific rationale for its application in the prevention of infectious diseases. The second training objective is to provide the student with an overview of the main epidemiological methodologies. The central core of the course, however, is represented by the third phase that provided basic knowledge on the dissemination, transmission and prevention methods of the main infectious diseases, that are of considerable importance for the future professional activity.

Evaluation methods

Verification of learning:

The student must sign to the exam on Esse3. For the microbiology course the student will perform an oral examination.
For the pharmacology course, the student will perform a final assessment, which includes a written test [multiple choice questions (each question has 4 answers, only the correct one)]and an oral one aimed at providing a balanced assessment of the achievement of the objectives of the Core Curriculum. The written exam must be completed within 30 minutes of the start. The examination procedure and its evaluation are indicated by the teacher at the beginning of the lessons.
For the hygiene course the student will perform an oral examination: the student must demonstrate his / her preparation by clearly and organized discussing the topics requested by the teacher. The evaluation will be carried out using marks out of thirty.

Contacts/More Information

Please refer to the individual scheme

Università degli Studi
"G. d'Annunzio"

Chieti - Pescara

Aree