PHYSIOPATHOLOGY OF THE ORAL CAVITY

Integrated educational activity

Course Sheet

Course code:

IGD13A3

Academic Year of enrolment:

2020

Year of supply:

2020/2021

Degree:

Course of 1st Cycle Degree in DENTAL HYGIENE

Moduls:

PHYSIOLOGY - 2 credits
GENERAL PATHOLOGY - 2 credits

Location:

CHIETI

Credits:

Programme Year:

Cycle:

Second semester

Hours of classroom activity:

Prerequisites:

Anatomical knowledge of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems and of the oral cavity and of the main biochemical processes underlying cellular metabolisms, , in order to understand the physiological processes

Objectives

Provide the student of the 1st year of CLID with the methodological tools and notions useful to learn the basics of the physiology of the oral cavity and of the processes that imply the odontostomatological apparatus and to understand how and for what causes the organs and tissues of the body get sick and can cause signs and symptoms in the patient; the concepts of pathology addressed will be in particular applied to the tissues of the oral cavity and to the main diseases of the oral mucosa, in order to make the student able to identify the signs and symptoms of the disease based on the macroscopic alterations observed in the oral cavity and disorders referred by the patient.
At the end of the course, the student will be able to know and understand the main inflammatory and degenerative pathological processes of the oral cavity; the main factors affecting general human health and the oral cavity.
The main strategies of prevention and control infectious and non-infectious diseases.
Skills:
The student will know how to apply the acquired knowledge to the study of other oral health problems.
At the end of the course, the student will have acquired the ability to communicate and share in a clear and concise manner, both with specialists and non-specialists, information and suggestions regarding specific problems of hygiene-dental interest.

Contents

Excitable tissues and potentials . Synapses. Neurotransmitters.
Hematopoietic organs and tissues. Physiology of blood coagulation. Cardiovascular and respiratory systems.

Special part:
Salivary gland functions. Physiology and intraoral defense mechanisms. Sensory perception of the orofacial territory. Trigeminal nerve. The dental pulp. Chewing. The temporomandibular joint (ATM).

Concept of health, homeostasis, disease and pathogenesis.
Cellular adaptation
Inflammation.
Immunology and Immunopathology
Oncology

Extended Syllabus

Excitable tissues. Rest potential, depolarization and hyperpolarization. Action potential. The cells of the nervous system. The neuron. Classification of nerve fibers. Propagation of action potential. Synapses. Neurotransmitters.
Hematopoietic organs and tissues. Red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets: their functions. The physiology of primary hemostasis. Emocoagulation factors and physiology of blood coagulation. Cardiovascular and respiratory systems.

Special part.
Salivary glands: innervation of the main salivary glands, stimuli to the secretion. Physiology and intraoral defense mechanisms. Sensory perception of the orofacial territory: mechanoception, nociception, thermoception. Taste. Anatomical and functional organization of the trigeminal system. Trigeminal sensitivity, trigeminal pain. The dental pulp: function of the pulp nerves, nociceptive response. Mastication: chewing muscles and chewing mechanics. The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and its innervation.
-General etiology: concept of disease, etiology and pathogenesis. The causes of diseases such as alterations of organs and tissues. Intrinsic and extrinsic causes of disease. Environmental pathology: pathology caused by physical agents (heat, radiation), chemicals (acids and bases) and biological (pathogens) of the oral cavity.
- Cellular responses to microenvironment change: cellular adaptation
-Inflammation: acute inflammation; chronic inflammation; Granulomas, systemic phenomena of inflammation, fever.
-Healing of tissue lesions: regeneration and repair.
- Immunology and immunopathology of the oral cavity: the organization of the immune system. Natural and acquired immunity: mechanisms of humoral and cellular immunity (antibodies, antigens of the major histocompatibility complex, complement).
Immunopathological reactions: hypersensitivity and autoimmunity
-Oncology: Characteristics of benign and malignant tumor. Definition of oncogenes, and oncosuppressor genes. Tumor growth biology: growth and differentiation, angiogenesis, progression, invasive growth and metastasis.
Chemical carcinogenesis: carcinogens and their cellular interaction, phases of carcinogenesis.

Recommended Bibliography

Fisiologia Umana - Sherwood- Zanichelli
o Fisiologia Monticelli II ed CEA

Fisiologia Orale e dell'Apparato Stomatognatico
- Diego Manzoni - Eugenio Scarnati- Edi-Ermes

Pontieri G.M.: Patologia e Fisiopatologia generale. Edizione Piccin-Piccin Nuova Libraria

Teaching Methods

Lectures

Evaluation methods

Verification of learning:

The learning evaluation will be done by oral examination. It consists of an interview with the teacher. The topics of the interview will be listed in the Extended Syllabus Program. The interview is aimed at evaluating the student in the knowledge of the main concepts represented in the objectives of the course; in the ability to use appropriate medical and scientific terminology; in the ability of critical synthesis of the topics also by the deepening in the recommended texts.The oral examination of physiology takes place with at least one question on the apparatus and one question on the special part

Contacts/More Information

The partecipation to the lessons and the acquisition of the frequency signature is mandatory for the final exam, in compliance with the prerequisites.
The General pathology teacher is available for clarification to the students, from monday to friday 10.00 - 13.00
Nuovo Polo Didattico, Palazzina C, III livello.
Dip.to di Scienze Mediche, Orali e Biotecnologiche, sez. di Immunodiagnostica tel. 0871.3554029
E-mail: mreale@unich.it,
for appointment.
Student reception
The Physiology teacher receives the students on Tuesday from 4:00 pm to 6:00 pm and on Wednesday from 11.00 am to 1.00 pm at the Cellular Physiology Laboratory of the Department of Neuroscience Imaging and Clinical Sciences (New buildings of Pharmacy Body A 2nd level).

Università degli Studi
"G. d'Annunzio"

Chieti - Pescara

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