BIOLOGY AND GENERAL PHYSIOPATHOLOGY

Integrated educational activity

Course Sheet

Course code:

M10000

Academic Year of enrolment:

2020

Year of supply:

2020/2021

Degree:

Course of 2nd Cycle Degree in SCIENCES AND TECHNIQUES OF PREVENTIVE AND ADAPTED PHYSICAL ACTIVITIES.

Language:

Italian

Moduls:

BIOLOGY OF HUMAN AND DEVELOPMENTAL VARIABILITY - 3 credits
GENERAL PHYSIOPATHOLOGY - 3 credits

Location:

CHIETI

Credits:

Programme Year:

Cycle:

First semester

Hours of classroom activity:

Prerequisites:

No prerequisites

Objectives

To educate students about the concept of evolution as accumulation over time of inheritable changes within populations.
To educate students on the basic knowledge of recombinant DNA technology, through an illustration of the most recent applications in the various fields: pharmacological, industrial, food etc.
Begin the student to understand how a single cell develops into a multicellular and complex organism like humans and to the basic knowledge of mutations involving the human genome.
To know the physiopathological and molecular mechanisms responsible for the alterations connected to the blood coagulation system and to the hematopoietic system. Know the immune system and the main diseases related to defects of the immune system. Know the main diseases of the skeletal muscle system and connective tissue and the principles of aging.

Contents

1-Knowing the characteristics of the human genome
2-Explain the concepts of developmental genetics
3-Introducing the Darwinian concept of evolution
what is evolution?
4-cell differentiation and nuclear equivalence
5-Illustrate the evolutionary changes in the populations
6-Illustrate the evolutionary changes in the populations
7-Describe DNA technologies and genomics
8-Describe the processes of reproduction
9-Describe the processes of animal development

1- PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM
2-PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF ERYTHROPOIESIS
3-PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF HEMOSTASIS AND COAGULATION
4-MUSCLE-SKELETAL DISEASES
5- DISEASES OF CONNECTIVE TISSUES
6-PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF AGING

Extended Syllabus

THE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE HUMAN GENOME:
-study of human genetics
-alterations in the number and structure of the chromosomes
-genetic diseases caused by mutations of a single gene
-gene therapy
-counseling and genetic testing
-human genetics
- society and ethics
THE CONCEPTS OF DEVELOPMENTAL GENETICS
-cell differentiation and nuclear equivalence
-genetic control of development
-cancer and cell development
THE DARWINIAN CONCEPT OF EVOLUTION:
-what is evolution?
-the concepts on evolution before Darwin
-Darwin and evolution
-the evidence supporting evolution
EVOLUTIONARY CHANGES IN POPULATIONS:
- genotype, phenotypic and allelic frequencies
- the Hardy-Weinberg principle
-the microevolution
- genetic variability in populations
THE MECHANISMS OF SPECIATION AND MACROEVOLUTION:
- what is a species?
- reproductive isolation
- speciation
- the speed of evolutionary changes
- the macroevolution
DNA TECHNOLOGIES AND GENOMICS:
- DNA cloning
- DNA analysis
- genomics
- applications of DNA technologies
- DNA technology has raised security concerns
THE PROCESSES OF REPRODUCTION:
-asexual and sexual reproduction
-human reproduction: the male
- human reproduction: the female
- sexual response
- fertilization and early stages of development
- childbirth
- birth control methods
- sexually transmitted diseases
THE PROCESSES OF ANIMAL DEVELOPMENT:
- the development of the form
- fertilization
- segmentation
- gastrulation
- organogenesis
- extra-embryonic membranes
- human development

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM:
- Development and organization of the immune system
- Primary and secondary lymphoid organs
- Leukocyte formula
- Innate immunity and acquired immunity
- Antigens and Aptenes
- Development and specific functions of T and B lymphocytes
- Humoral immunity and cell-mediated immunity
- Antibodies: structure and classification
- Immunopathology: hypersensitivity, allergic phenomena, autoimmune diseases.
- Examples of connective and musculoskeletal diseases on an immune and autoimmune basis.
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF ERYTHROPOIESIS:
- Structure and functions of hematopoietic bone marrow, effects of erythropoietic hormone (EPO) and other growth factors on hematopoiesis.
- The metabolism of iron and vitamins necessary for erythropoiesis.
Anemia definition and classification
- Physiopathological mechanisms responsible for anemias.
- Central and peripheral compensatory mechanisms of anemia. Polycythemias.
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF HEMOSTASIS AND COAGULATION:
- Endothelium, platelets and plasma factors in the haemostatic and coagulative process.
- The main haemorrhagic disorders due to defects of the endothelium, platelets and plasma coagulation factors (hemophilias).
- Hematoma, ecchymosis. The complications of hemorrhagic diseases.
MUSCLE-SKELETAL DISEASES (Myopathies):
Acquired and genetically based musculoskeletal alterations (mode of transmission)
- Duchenne / Becker dystrophy, Cystoid dystrophy;
- Toxic myopathies
- Inflammatory Myopathies: Polymyositis, Dermatomyositis, Inclusion Bodies
- Autophagic Accumulation Myopathies (vacuolar)
- Metabolic myopathies: Glycogenosis, Lipidic, Mitochondrial.
DISEASES OF CONNECTIVE TISSUES :
- Pathophysiology of connective tissue.
- Synthesis of collagen and types of collagen.
- Collagen diseases (collagenopathies), a mode of hereditary transmission.
- Forms associated with congenital metabolic alterations. The alterations affecting the extracellular matrix.
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF AGING:
- Theories on aging, molecular and cellular alterations related to aging, Sarcopenia.

Recommended Bibliography

Biologia", Solomon VII edizione
EDISES.

G.M. Pontieri: PATOLOGIA E FISIOPATOLOGIA GENERALE
PICCIN

Methods of Provision

Conventional

Teaching Methods

Lectures carried out with the aid of electronic devices and multimedia classroom.

Evaluation methods

Verification of learning:

LEARNING OUTCOME TEST
The learning outcomes will be duly verified by the teacher in a collegial oral exam in the official examination dates of the integrated course.
The result of the examination is expressed in thirtieths according to a growing scale in relation to the demonstration of knowledge, the appropriateness of the language, the logic and consistency of the exposure:
- sufficient basic knowledge but lacking: voting 18 - 22 out of thirty;
- discreet knowledge and expository clarity: voting 23-25 thirtieths;
- good knowledge and ability to illustrate the topics with ownership of language and mastery of the subject: voting 26-28 thirty;
- excellent knowledge of the topics and excellent exhibition skills, critical reasoning: voting 28-30 out of thirty.
30 with honors is reserved to the student who demonstrates particularly in-depth knowledge, a particular ability of exposure and critical reasoning.

Contacts/More Information

Teacher of General PhisioPathology module, prof. Gitana Maria Aceto: Campus of Via dei Vestini 31, appointment to be fixed by calling the + 39 0871-3554115 or by sending an email to gitana.aceto@unich.it

Teacher of the BIOLOGY module of HUMAN VARIABILITY AND DEVELOPMENT: Prof. Sara Franceschelli: G. D'Annunzio University, Telephone number +39-08713554550 email: sara.franceschelli@unich.it

Università degli Studi
"G. d'Annunzio"

Chieti - Pescara

Aree