CELLULAR PHYSIOLOGY
• The principle of homeostasis
• Mechanisms of metabolic regulation
• Membranes: permeability and transport
- EXCITABILITY
• Rest potentials
• Balance potentials
• Nerst's equation
• Gibbs-Donnan equation
- NERVOUS SIGNAL
• Nervous system cells: glia and neurons
• Local potentials and potential for action
• Impulse conduct
• Synapses: classification and morphology
• The molecular basis of synaptic transmission
• Synaptic excitatory and inhibitory potentials
• Neurotransmitters
• The neuromuscular synapse
• Anatomo-functional organization of the nervous system
• Receptors: general and mechanism
• Specific sense organs
- MUSCLE AND MOVEMENT
• Ultrastructure of skeletal muscle, cardiac and smooth
• Excitation-contraction cycle
• Molecular bases of contraction
• Nervous control
• Types of movement
• Spinal reflexes: the direct and inverse myotatic reflex
- CHEMICAL SIGNAL
• Agonist-receptor binding mechanism
• The signal transduction system
• The second messengers
• The mechanism of action of protein and steroid hormones
• Hypothalamic-hypophysis axis
- EXCHANGE AND TRANSPORT SYSTEMS
• Cardiovascular system
• Composition and functions of the blood
• Principles of hemodynamics
• Circulatory adaptations
• Respiratory mechanics
• Gas exchange and transport
• Respiratory adaptations
- URINARY SYSTEM
• Kidney: ultrastructure and functions
• Resorption and secretion filtration
• pH and water-salt balance control
• Clearance
• Urination
- THE DIGERENT SYSTEM
• The gastrointestinal system
• Gastric and intestinal digestion
• Absorption and biliary functions
• Nerve regulation of the GI apparatus

Practice exercises: ECG and measurement Part, Elettromyography, Functional Evaluation