• Reference regulations and concept of LDR C
Concept of Quality Assurance, Quality Control and Minimum Acceptability.
Optimization principle and QC.

• Definition of Expert in Medical Physics; Role of the TSRM and Quality Controls
Responsibility and QC,
The CQ executor.

• Recall of the physical quantities subject to Quality Controls in Radiology:
Radiometric quantities
Dosimetric quantities
Radioprotection quantities
Dose indices

• Quality controls in Radiology:
Technical Standard IEC 1223
Acceptance/Testing Control, Status, Consistency
Routine tests and corrective intervention

• Traditional and digital Radiology;
Controls common to all RX systems:
Control over the part of the system responsible for generating the RX (generator, RX tube, centering and collimation system, CAE)
Control of visualization systems (X-ray films, CR, DR, IB, laser printers, negativescopes, monitors)
Concept of measurement accuracy and reproducibility
Concept of dose linearity with respect to mAs.
Concept of SEV and Beam Quality
Performance concept of an RX tube
Imaging controls:
- description of the most commonly used phantoms
-Concept of sensitometric curve and dynamic range in traditional radiology
-Dynamic range in CR and DR radiology,
-Conversion Factor, Contrast, Uniformity, Resolution, MTF

• Mammographic Radiology
Controls common to all RX systems
Typical implant checks (Alignment and compression force, Estimation of focal spot size, Average Glandular Dose, Short and long-term precision of CAE, Grid factor, Contrast threshold)

• Interventional Radiology
Quality controls in modes: Cine, Pulsed Scopy, Digital Subtractive
Controls common to all RX systems
Typical controls of the system (Kerma rate in the air at the patient inlet, Kerma rate in the air at the receptor inlet, Dose variations when the patient thickness varies, Subtraction artefacts)

• CT Radiology
Basic concepts of operation of a CT
Controls common to all RX systems
Typical implant controls (TC number scale, layer thickness, uniformity, noise, high and low contrast, CTDI, couch shift)

• Quality Controls in NMR
Objective of the CQs
Choice of puppet
Signal to noise ratio
Uniformity
Spatial linearity – distortions
Layer thickness and position
Ghost

• Quality controls in ULTRASOUND
Recall basic concepts of ultrasound
Description of the phantoms Dedicated for measurements of:
-Uniformity
-Spatial accuracy and linearity
-Axial spatial resolution
-Lateral deformation
-Dynamic range
-Signal to noise ratio
-Dead zone
-Depth of penetration
-Doppler systems: Accuracy of speed measurement