TSRM Role in radiotherapy.
Neoplasms: malignancy, staging, TNM classification.
Elements of radiobiology. Biological events following irradiation: physical phase, chemical phase, biological phase.
Radiosensitivity: deterministic and stochastic somatic damage, stochastic genetic damage. Radiobiological mechanisms of dose fractionation. Possibility of fractionation and the different units of measurement of the radiation dose. Cell survival models.
Radiocurability. Performance as depth function. Critical organ. Irradiation field. Tissue-air ratio. Single and two-field irradiation. Twilight of the radiation beam.
Terminology used in radiotherapy to define the structures of interest: Gross Tumor Volume (GTV), Clinical Target Volume (CTV), Internal Tumor Volume (ITV), Planning Target Volume (PTV), treated and irradiated volume, organ at risk (OAR) .
Structural components inside and outside a radiotherapy bunker.
External beam radiotherapy. The linear accelerator: the different components and functioning.
The route of the patient in radiotherapy. Acceptance. Simulation. Verification simulation. Virtual simulation. Patient set-up for the different body districts. Possible set-up errors. Treatment Planning System (TPS). Integration or acquisition of diagnostic images supporting the TPS. Contouring.
Treatment modalities for external beam radiotherapy. Conformational radiotherapy (CRT): 3D-CRT, geometric CRT (G-CRT), Intensity Modulated RadioTherapy (IMRT), tomotherapy, Intensity Modulated Arc Therapy (IMAT), Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy (VMAT), 4D-RT, adaptive radiotherapy. Stereotaxic radiotherapy. Intra-operative radiotherapy. Percent dose distribution and dose curves for the different used particles. Hadrontherapy. The synchrotron.
Brachytherapy and clinical applications.
Metabolic radiotherapy. Cross-fire effect. Outline of radiodosimetry for nuclear medicine therapy. Radiometabolic therapy of the thyroid gland. Receptor radiotherapy. Trans arterial radioembolization for liver cancer.