VOLUMETRIC ANALYSIS
General remarks
Introduction to quantitative pharmaceutical analysis. Classification of analytical methods. Quantitative and qualitative analysis. Sources of impurities in pharmaceutical products. General processes of quantitative pharmaceutical analysis. Drugs and purità codes. Italian and European Pharmacopeia.
Instrumentations, materials and reagents
Analytical and tecnica balance. Tasks connencted to sample weight. Errors in weight. Glassware. Reagents. Security in the lab.
Analytical methodologies base on titrations
General remarks. Volumetric titration. Types of reactions in volumetric titrations.érimary and secondary standards. Standard solutions. Concentration units. Titration curves. Equivalent weight. Calculations of volumetric analysis. Errors of volumetric analysis.
Acid-base titration in water
Water solutions and acid-base equilibria. Strength of acids and bases. pH. Acid-base indicators. Titration curves of strong acida and bases, and weak acids and bases. EU Pharmacopeia monographs
Titrations in non-aqueous solvents
General remarks. Classification of solvents. Strength of acids and bases in non-aqueous solvents. Autoprotolisis. Dielectric constants. EU Pharmacopeia monographs
Gravimetric titrations
General remarks. Solubility and Kps. Titration curves. Argentometry: Metodo di Mohr, Volhard and Fajans methods. EU Pharmacopeia monographs
Complexometric titrations
General remarks. Ligands. Chemlometry: titration with EDTA. Titration curves. Indicators. EU Pharmacopeia monographs
Redox titrations
General remarks. Nerst equation. Titration curves. Indicators.: Permanganomety, cerimetrya, titration with iodine- and bromine-bases species. EU Pharmacopeia monographs
Instrumental analysis
Potenziometry
Principles of electrochemistry. Potenziometer. Electrodes. Titration curves. EU Pharmacopeia monographs
Conductimetry
General remarks. Kohlrausch equation. Titration curves
Laboratory exercises
