APPLIED PHYSICS
1. INTRODUCTION
Review of algebra and trigonometry
Vectors and operations between vectors.
Main physical quantities and their measurement units. Dimensional analysis.
Conversion of units.
2.PHYSICAL MEASUREMENTS AND RELATED ERRORS
Accuracy of a measurement, random and systematic errors.
Significant figures.
Measurement errors and average operations.
Frequency distribution and Gauss curve.
Relative errors, percentage errors, and their propagation in indirect measures.
The experimental method and the "problem solving".
3.KINEMATICS
Kinematics of the point particle.
Average speed and instantaneous speed.
Velocity, acceleration. Gravity acceleration.
Velocity and acceleration in two dimensions.
Circular motion and harmonic motion.
4.DYNAMICS
Dynamics of the point particle. Force and inertial mass.
Newton's laws.
Gravitational force, weight, gravitational mass.
Elastic forces.
Friction.
5.WORK AND ENERGY
Work done by a force.
Conservative forces.
Kinetic and potential energy.
Energy conservation.
Mechanical power.
6.IMPULSE AND MOMENTUM
Impulse and linear momentum.
Conservation of linear momentum. Isolated systems.
Elastic and inelastic collisions.
7.ROTATIONS
Rigid bodies. Center of mass.
Torque.
Basic equations of the static of rigid bodies. Conditions of equilibrium. Levers.
Angular variables, rotation of rigid bodies. Rotational dynamics.
Angular momentum. Conservation of angular momentum.
Moment of inertia.
Translations and rotations of rigid bodies.
Rototranslational kinetic energy.
8.ELASTICITY OF MATERIALS
Elastic properties of the materials and their application to the human body: elasticity and fracture of the bones.
9. FLUIDS
Density and pressure. Stevino's principle. Pascal's principle. Archimedes' principle.
The Torricelli experience and pressure gauges.
Flow and the equation of continuity. Laminar flow. Bernoulli's equation.
Torricelli's theorem. Venturi effect.
Fluid dynamics applied to the cardio-circulatory system. Viscosity. Poiseuille's law. Work of the heart
Surface tension. Laplace's law. Surfactants.
10. THERMOLOGY
Temperature and thermometric scales.
Heat and heat capacity.
Heat propagation: conduction, convection, irradiation, electromagnetic radiation
11. THERMODYNAMICS
Ideal gas law.
First law of thermodynamics. Thermodynamic processes.
Kinetic theory of gases.
Second law of thermodynamics. Heat engines. Carnot engine. Efficiency.
12. ELECTROSTATICS
Electrical properties of matter.
Coulomb's law. Electric field and electrical potential.
Electric capacity. Capacitors. Dielectrics.
Gauss's law.
13. ELECTRIC CURRENTS
Electric current and measuring instruments.
Electrical resistance. Ohm’s law.
Electrical circuits. Kirchhoff's laws.
14. ELECTROMAGNETISM.
Magnetic property of matter.
Magnetic induction. Permanent magnets.
Magnetic fields produced by electric currents.
Magnetic Force.
Motion of a charge in the magnetic field. Cyclotron. Mass spectrometer.
Force on a current-carrying wire.
Ampere's law.
15. ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION
Induced currents.
Magnetic field flow.
Faraday-Lenz’s law.
Alternating currents.
16. MECHANICAL AND ACOUSTIC WAVES
Longitudinal and transverse mechanical waves.
Stationary waves.
Interference.
The ear and the sound.
Doppler effect.
17. OPTICS
Electromagnetic waves and light.
Diopter and thin lenses.
The eye and its separating power.
The optical defects of the eye.
MODERN PHYSICS
The crisis of classical Physics
The black body radiation and the quantization of energy
The photoelectric effect, the photons and the corpuscular nature of light
The Compton effect
Bohr's atom and the quantization of energy levels of the atom
The spin
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
X-rays and CT scan
The Laser
Radioactivity, radioactive decay and PET;
METHODOLOGIES FOR APPLIED PHYSICS
Experimental methods and measurements: fundamental and derived physical quantities, dimensional analysis, systematic and random errors, error propagation.
1.Mechanics of the point particle (p.p.)
Vector exercises and vector calculation. Kinematics exercises: one-dimensional motion, two-dimensional motion. Dynamics exercises of p.p .: application of Newton's laws, friction force, inclined plane. Work and energy exercises: work of gravitational force, applications of the theorem of kinetic energy, applications of the energy conservation principle. Exercises regarding momentum and collisions: application of conservation of momentum, elastic and inelastic collisions.
2.Mechanics of rigid bodies
Rotational motion exercises and rotational variables. Exercises on application of: rotational kinetic energy, moment of inertia, torque, angular momentum. Exercises on applications of the second Newton's law in angular form. Exercises on the application of the conservation principle of angular momentum. Exercises regarding the equilibrium of a rigid body.
3.Fluidostatics and fluid dynamics
Exercises on applications of the Stevino's law, the Archimedes' principle. Exercises on applications of the Bernoulli's theorem.
4. Thermodynamics
Exercises on: thermodynamics system, heating, cooling, and temperature, ideal gases, first and second law of thermodynamics.
5.Electromagnetism
Exercises on applications of the Coulomb's law. Exercises on electric field and electrical potential. Exercises on electrical capacity and capacitors. Exercises on electric current, resistance and electrical circuits. Exercises on magnetic fields and magnetic force. Exercises on applications of the Faraday-Lenz law.
INTERNSHIP
The students will follow seminars and a theoretical-practical internship that will be carried out at the laboratories of the Institute of Advanced Biomedical Technologies (ITAB).
The topics covered during the seminars will be:
1. Experimental methods and measures
2. IT tools for data analysis
3. Fluidostatics applied to gaseous exchanges in breathing
4. Electromagnetic brain signals and their detection
5. Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
6. Brain activity studied by Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
7. Infrared Imaging
The internships, to be carried out in small groups with the help of a tutor, are:
Physical methodologies applied to Medicine - Phase I
Anthropometric measurements on voluntary subjects for the estimation of body parameters (such as density, surface, etc.).
Physical Methodologies applied to Medicine - Phase II
In this second phase, students will be offered five insights that will bring them into contact with advanced methodologies for measuring parameters related to movement and exercise, fluid dynamics, near-infrared spectroscopy, electromyography.
Examples of research activities - Phase III
Research activity of the Functional Infrared Imaging laboratory, the Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Laboratory, the Functional Magnetic Resonance Laboratory.
If the provisions related to the COVID-19 pandemic make it impossible to carry out the activity at the laboratories of the Institute of Advanced Biomedical Technologies (ITAB), this activity will be replaced by video selections.
