BIOLOGY, ANATOMY AND HISTOLOGY

Integrated educational activity

Course Sheet

Course code:

OST11A22

Academic Year of enrolment:

2023

Year of supply:

2023/2024

Degree:

Course of 1st Cycle Degree in MIDWIFERY

Moduls:

APPLIED BIOLOGY - 1 credits
HUMAN ANATOMY - 2 credits
HYSTOLOGY - 1 credits

Location:

CHIETI

Credits:

Programme Year:

Cycle:

First semester

Hours of classroom activity:

Prerequisites:

As academic regulations.

Objectives

BIOLOGY
To educate to the "critical method" and to the discussion through the description of experiments; acquisition of knowledge of the structures and principles for the unity of the different biological units in their energy and informational logic
ANATOMY
At the end of the course the student must have acquired a three-dimensional representation of the human body, and in its surface characteristics, and in its internal organization. The approach will be mainly of a systematic type, that is, based on the study of the individual systems and systems into which the human body can be divided and therefore of the organs and viscera that make up said systems and apparatuses. At the same time, the student will be provided with the basic notions for a topographical study of Human Anatomy, taking into account the large regions of the body in order to better evaluate the relationships between organs, viscera and connective devices in each territory. Organs and viscera will be considered in their macroscopic and microscopic structural characteristics as they appear after dissection of the corpse, after radiological examination and after observation of sections processed for optical microscopy. When necessary, ultrastructural aspects will also be taken into consideration. The acquisitions will finally be integrated with elements of functional anatomy and clinical anatomy to avoid a too sectorial view of the subject.

HISTOLOGY
Knowledge the main structural and ultrastructural cells and tissues features related to their specific embryological derivation, using the specific language.

Contents

BIOLOGY
- describe cells’ organizations;
- illustrate the structure of biological membranes and cell-environment interactions;
- describe the processes of mitosis, meiosis, phase duration and cell cycle regulation;
- as part of the structure of Nucleic Acids, illustrate the general characteristics of DNA. Describe the flow of genetic information from one cellular generation to another and describe the replication and repair of DNA. Describe the various levels of DNA organization in the cell. Illustrate the organization of the genome and extracellular DNA;
- to illustrate the general characteristics of the RNA knowing how to describe the flow of information within the cell, demonstrating to have understood the mechanisms of Transcription, of the Genetic Code, of the Protein Synthesis;
- regulation of gene expression in prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
- asexual and sexual reproduction. Spermatogenesis. Oogenesis. Fertilization.
ANATOMY
Starting from the INTRODUCTION TO SPLANCNOLOGY, the module deals with the study of the apparatuses and systems that make up the human body, with attention to the localization and relationships that the organs that make it take between them and with the surrounding structures hinting their functions.
HISTOLOGY
Course contents provide the integrated knowledge of structural and ultrastructural morphology of different human tissues.

Extended Syllabus

BIOLOGY
Nucleic acids - Cell organization: - Cell theory - Cell organization and dimensions - Cell study methods - Cells
prokaryotic and eukaryotic - Cell membranes - The cell nucleus - The cytoplasmic organelles - The cytoskeleton - The cellular coatings - The biological membranes: - The structure of biological membranes - The passage of materials through biological membranes - Passive transport - Active transport - Exocytosis and endocytosis - Cellular junctions - Cellular communication: - Cell signaling: an overview - Reception - Signal transduction - Signal responses - The evolution of cellular communication - Cell energetic processes: - Biological work - The laws of thermodynamics - Energy and metabolism - ATP, energy currency of the cell - The transfer of energy in redox rations - The transformation enzymes of aerobiosis and cellular anaerobiosis: - Redox reaction - The four stages of aerobic respiration - Anaerobic respiration and fermentation-The structure of the chromosomes and processes of mitosis and meiosis: - Eukaryotic chromosomes, The cell cycle and mitosis - The regulation of the cell cycle - Sexual reproduction and meiosis - The structure and replication of DNA: - The proof that DNA is the hereditary material - The structure of DNA - The replication of DNA - Gene expression: - The discovery of the gene-protein relationship- The transcription- The translation- The fraction of genetics under examination- Mutations-The mechanisms of gene regulation: - Gene regulation in bacteria and eukaryotes- - Viruses - Viroids and prions - The prokaryotes - The two prokaryotic domains - the asexual reproduction - spermatogenesis, ovogenesis and fertilization

In the context of the discussion of the various topics will be addressed issues related to gender difference.

ANATOMY

Locomotor system Overview, classification and structure of bones. In a
general manner and classification of the joints. In a general manner
classification of muscles and tendons. Head: bones of the cranial box,
bones of the massive facial. Trunk: vertebral column (cervical, thoracic,
lumbar, sacrum and coccyx). Chest (ribs and sternum). Scapular girdle
(scapula and clavicle) and scapulo-humeral articulation. Upper limb
(humerus, radius, ulna, carpus, metacarpus and phalanges). Pelvic girdle
(ileum, ischio and pubis) and coxo-femoral joint. Lower limb (femur, tibia,
fibula, tarsus, metatarsal and phalanges) and knee joint.
Central nervous systemIn a general manner: systematic, topographic,
clinical radiological anatomySpinal cord. Encephalous (brainstem,
cerebellum, diencephalon, telencephalon)Peripheral nervous
systemSympathetic System: Orthosympathetic and Parasympathetic.
Cardiocirculatory system: Heart, location and topography. Structure and
function of the valves. Functional anatomy of the circulatory system:
arteries, veins and capillaries. The small circulation and the great
circulation. Aorta and its primary branches of division.
Lymphatic system: general characteristics of the lymphatic circulation.
Lymph node stations of the head, neck, thorax, upper limb and lower
limb. Main lymphatic trunks. Lymph nodes. Spleen: form, position,
relationships and structure.
Respiratory system: Nose, nasopharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi and
pulmonary parenchyma. Pleure and respiratory mechanics.
Digestive system: Vestibule of the mouth, oral cavity, pharynx,
esophagus and stomach. Small intestine (duodenum, jejunum and ileum),
large intestine. Liver and biliary ways. Pancreas.
Urinary apparatus: Kidney, calyxes and renal pelvis. Ureters. Urinary
bladder. Male and female urethra.
Male Genital SystemTesticles. Spermatic ways. External genital organs.
Female Genital ApparatusOvary. Genital ways. External genital organs.
Endocrine system: Pituitary, Thyroid, Adrenal, in a general manner.

HISTOLOGY
- Cell structure
- Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
- Cellular organelles and cytoskeleton
- Extracellular matrix
- Cell junctions
- Active and passive transport mechanisms
- Cell cycle
- Epithelial tissue
- Exocrine and endocrine glandular epithelial tissue
- Connective tissues
- Cartilaginous tissue
- Bone tissue
- Hemopoietic and lymphatic tissue
- Muscle tissue
- Nervous tissue
- Tissue embryological development: Stages of the life cycle - Gametogenesis - Development of the gonads - Spermatogenesis - Ovogenesis - Fertilization - Segmentation - Gastrulation - Embryonic sheets - fetus development.

Recommended Bibliography

BIOLOGY
Solomon et al, Biology, EdiSeS Editore, 2017.
ANATOMY
F.H. Martini . ANATOMIA UMANA. EdiSES.
HISTOLOGY
-Istologia per le lauree triennali e magistrail. Bani. Idelson-Gnocchi.
-Elementi di istologia e cenni di embriologia. Filippini. Piccin.
-Junqueira istologia. Testo e atlante. Junqueira. Piccin.
-Istologia per le lauree triennali e magistrail. Bani. Idelson-Gnocchi.
-Elementi di istologia e cenni di embriologia. Filippini. Piccin.
-Junqueira istologia. Testo e atlante. Junqueira. Piccin.

Teaching Methods

Frontal lessons stimulating interactivity through classroom discussion of the topics addressed.

Evaluation methods

Verification of learning:

- Written in itinere test with multiple choice.
- Oral exam.

Contacts/More Information

STUDENTS RECEPTION
BIOLOGY: Dr Domitilla Mandatori: University of “G.d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), phone number 0871-541413 email: domitilla.mandatori@unich.it.
ANATOMY
Dott.ssa Laura Pierdomenico, Università degli studi “G. d'Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara; Building Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), Via Polacchi 11/13 Chieti Scalo, Tuesday from 11:00 to 14:00 on appointment, Tel. 0871-541394
e-mail laura.pierdomenico@unich.it.
HISTOLOGY: Prof.ssa Francesca Diomede, Università degli studi “G. d'Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara; Dipartimento di Tecnologie Innovative in Medicina & Odontoiatria, II floor building A/NPD, Monday and Wednesday 10-13 am, appointment on others days; Phone +39.0871.3554080 e-mail: francesca.diomede@unich.it

Università degli Studi
"G. d'Annunzio"

Chieti - Pescara

Aree