In the 6 CFU Module the following topics will be dealt with particular attention:
Periodization of the Modern Age; The historical sources and the critique of the sources; the main historiographic currents of the 20th century; geographical discoveries and the formation of colonial empires, in particular Spanish and Portuguese; European cities and countryside; classes, orders, classes: nobility, clergy and bourgeoisie; family and marriage; historical sources and demography; The Protestant Reformation, the Council of Trent and the Catholic Counter-Reformation; the religious dimension: popular religiosity, witchcraft in Europe; The formation of modern states: France and absolutism; England in the 17th century and the two revolutions; the Ottoman Empire and Europe; the Thirty Years' War and the Peace of Westphalia; the crisis of the 17th century in Europe; the European and world economy; the scientific revolution; the industrial revolution; the empires of Asia: India, China and their relations with Europe; European society in the eighteenth century: Enlightenment, Enlightened Absolutism, reforms and revolutions; The American Revolution; The French Revolution and the end of the ancient regime; The Napoleonic Age and the Restoration; Napoleonic Italy; The revolutions of 1848, the economic and political affirmation of the bourgeoisie; the constitutions.

In the 3 CFU Module the topics related to the chronology of the modern age, the history of historiography, the relationship of history with other disciplines, archives and libraries, primary and secondary sources and their methods of use will be dealt with in detail through the presentation of particularly significant case studies. These themes will then be analyzed and discussed also through the in-depth examination of the book of Marc Bloch, Apologia della storia o il mestiere di storico, Torino, Einaudi, 2009 .