HISTORY OF MEDICINE.Introduction: The history of medicine, error and the human factor.Origins: The origins of western medicine and the Hippocrates revolution; Hippocratic Oath; Alessandrina school; Aulus Cornelio Celso; Claudio Galeno; Avicenna; AlbucasisTwo flashes in the dark: Andrea Vesalio; William Harvey and Marcello MalpighiMedicine in the Age of Enlightenment.Bernardino Ramazzini (1633 - 1714): Occupational medicine.Giovanni Battista Morgagni (1682-1771): The birth of organ pathology; The anatomo-clinical method.Antonio Scarpa (1752 - 1832): Anatomy and surgery shake hands and the birth of anatomical museums.Johann Peter Frank (1745-1821): Hygiene is born; Health as a collective asset to be safeguarded.Edward Jenner (1749-1823): Vaccine; Skepticism and controversy.Luigi Sacco (1769-1836): Vaccination Treaty (1809); Vaccination campaign in ItalyMedicine of the XIX century: The century of the great revolution; The birth of the clinic; Physical semeiotics.The Century of Surgery: From the anatomist surgeons to the new figure of the surgeon; Surgeries until the first half of the nineteenth century.The enemies of surgery: pain; hemorrhage, infection.The revolution: hilarious gases and anesthesia.Fight the bleeding. Frédéric Charrière (1803-1876) and the surgeon Jules Péan (1830-1898).Sepsis and Antisepsis.Ignaz Phülüp Semmelweis (1818-1865): Puerperal fever and the Vienna hospital.Jospeh Lister (1827-1912): Asepsis in surgery.Medicine between the XIX and XX centuries: The birth of bacteriology/microbiology and immunology.Louis Pasteur (1822-1895).Robert Koch (1843-1910).Filippo Pacini (1812-1884): 1854 description and slides of the cholera vibration.Consumption and sanatoriums.Carlo Forlanini (1847-1918): Therapeutic pneumothorax.Diagnostics: Scipione Riva Rocci (1863-1937): The sphygmomanometer.Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen (1845-1923): The discovery of X-rays.Eugenio Tiraboschi and the radioinduced damage: Radiology and diagnostic imaging: the TAC.Camillo Golgi (1843-1926): The discovery of the neuron; The black reaction; Malaria: the Golgi cycle and Golgi's law; The cell and the Golgi apparatus; The Italian First Nobel Prize in Medicine (1906).Alexander Fleming (1888-1955): 1929: The Penicillin. The first antibiotic. An Italian record: Vincenzo Tiberio (1869-1915).Places of the History of Medicine: MuseumsETHNOMEDICINE1. Introduction to Ethnomedicine2. Foundations of Ethnedicine3. World Medical Systems, Ethnomedical, Ethnomedicine, Medicine, Drugs4. Types of the drug5. Diagnosis, Patoplasty, Pato-organ, Terapy-organ, MDT System6. Medical systems in outpatient practices- Reflex points (365), Reflexotherapy, Applied kinesiology, Acupuncture - acupression, Naturopathy.- Pharmacological therapy (herbalist and industry)-Nutraceutics, therapy fungi,Bach Flowers - Psicophyt, -Applied kinesiology, -Osteopathy- cranio-sacral technique, posturology-