PHARMACOLOGY II

General Module

Course Sheet

Course code:

M4031B

Academic Year of enrolment:

2020

Year of supply:

2023/2024

Type of Course:

Characterising

Degree:

Course of Single Cycle Degree 6 years in MEDICINE AND SURGERY

Disciplinary Sector:

Pharmacology

Is part of:

PHARMACOLOGY

Location:

CHIETI

Credits:

Programme Year:

Professor and Collaborators:

DI IORIO Patrizia

Cycle:

Single Annual Cycle

Obligatory attendance:

Yes

Hours of classroom activity:

100

Individual study hours:

100

Prerequisites:

As stated by academic rules

Objectives

The teaching is part of the specific objectives of the study course aimed at training a professional figure able to know and understand:
i. appropriate knowledge on the pharmacological basis of the therapy, for the main classes of drugs, through the integration of evidence related to the pharmacokinetics, to the pharmacological effects in terms of dose-response relationship, to the molecular mechanism of action, to the interaction of the single classes of drugs with the physiopathological and molecular mechanisms of the diseases for which the drugs are proposed, as well as the methods of administration and the adverse effects;
ii. the principles governing personalized drug therapies;
iii. the phases of experimental studies of a new drug and the methodology of clinical trials.

EXPECTED LEARNING RESULTS
At the end of the course, the student should to be able to:
i. acquire basic tools for knowledge of the most important drugs used in the medical practice;
ii. think, in quantitative terms, on specific pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic aspects of drug administration;
iii. integrate knowledges on the mechanism of action, efficacy and safety of drugs with knowledge on the physiology of drug targets and on the pathophysiology of processes modified by pharmacological treatment;
iv. know the side and toxic effects of drugs and their potential interactions.
The course will help to provide the student with tools that will allow him to:
i. enhance his ability to relate to inter-and multidisciplinary teams with other professional figures (psychologists, nurses, health assistants, etc.) who will be called to take care of the patient;
ii. provide explanations to patient and/or his family about the benefits and risks of drug therapy.

Finally, the student will develop skills in an independent study and will acquire the functional methodological tools for an autonomous update

Contents

The course includes the Special Pharmacology which describes the characteristics of the individual classes of drugs.

Extended Syllabus

DRUGS ACTING AT THE PERIPHERAL AUTONOMIC SYSTEM
Main classes of drugs acting at the parasympathetic nervous system: muscarinic receptor agonists and antagonists, anticholinesterase agents; at the sympathetic nervous system: sympaticomimetic drugs and antagonists of adrenergic receptors.

DRUGS ACTING AT THE NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION AND AUTONOMIC GANGLIA
Nicotinic receptor antagonists. Depolarizing agents.

DRUGS ACTING ON THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
Inhibitory drugs of gastric acid secretion, protective of gastric mucosa and anti-ulcer drugs.
Prokinetic agents. Laxatives and purgatives. Antidiarrheal and antispasmodic drugs.
Pharmacotherapy of inflammatory bowel diseases.
Emetic and antiemetic drugs

DRUGS ACTING ON THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
Drugs for the treatment of bronchial asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases.
H1-histamine receptor antagonists.
Antitussive agents. Respiratory stimulants and pulmonary surfactants.

DRUGS ACTING ON METABOLISM
Drugs for the treatment of obesity.
Drugs active on glucose homeostasis: pharmacotherapy of diabetes mellitus and hyperglycemia.
Pharmacotherapy of hypercholesterolemia and dyslipidemia.

HORMONES AND DRUGS ACTING ON THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
Thyroid and antithyroid drugs.
Hormones and drugs of the reproductive system.
Agents affecting calcification and bone turnover.

DRUGS ACTING ON THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
Treatment of central nervous system degenerative disorders.
Pharmacotherapy of depression and anxiety disorders.
Sedative-hypnotic drugs.
Pharmacotherapy of psychosis and mania.
Pharmacotherapy of epilepsia and seizures.
Opioid analgesics and palliative care. General anesthetics. Local anesthetics.

DRUG ADDICTION AND SUBSTANCES OF ABUSE
Psychobiological mechanisms and diagnostic criteria for drug addiction.
Addiction to opiates, alcohol, psychostimulants, hallucinogens, nicotine, cannabis and derivatives.

DOPING AGENTS
Prohibited substances.
Anabolic agents

CHEMOTHERAPY FOR MICROBIAL DISEASES
General considerations of antimicrobial therapy.
Beta-lactam antibiotics: penicillins, cephalosporins, carbapenems.
Aminoglycosides. Tetracyclines. Chloramphenicol. Macrolides. Lincosamides. Glycopeptides. Sulfonamides. Trimethoprim. Fluoroquinolones. Antituberculous agents: isoniazid, pyrazinamide, ethambutol.
Antiviral agents: antiherpesvirus agents, antiinfluenza angents, antihepatitis (HBV, HCV). Antiretroviral agents: anti-HIV.
Antifungal agents.

ANTINEOPLASTIC DRUGS
Alkylating agents: platinum coordination complexes, nitrogen mustards, nitrosuree.
Antimetabolites: folic acid analogs, pyrimidine analogs, purine analogs.
Topoisomerase inhibitors: Actinomycin D, anthracyclines, epidophyllotoxins.
Antimicrotubular agents: vinca alkaloids, taxanes.
Hormones and related agents: glucorticoids, antiestrogens, aromatase inhibitors, antiandrogens.
Inhibitors of signal transduction systems: inhibitors of BCR-ABL, EGFR, VEGFR, ALK, BRAF, MEK.
Cytotoxic monoclonal antibodies.
Immunotherapeutic drugs: Interleukine-2, interferon, monoclonal antibodies on immunological checkpoints.

DEVELOPMENT AND USE OF DRUGS
Drug pre-clinical and clinical trials (evaluation of drug safety, testing of drugs on humans, phases of clinical development of a drug).
Equivalent and biosimilar medicines.
Role of the Ethics Committees for the clinical trials of drugs. Methodological criteria, tasks and organization of pharmacovigilance.

Recommended Bibliography

- Goodman & Gilman “Le basi farmacologiche della terapia. Il Manuale” 2° Ed. Zanichelli.
- E. Rossi, V. Cuomo, C. Riccardi. “Farmacologia. Principi di base e applicazioni terapeutiche” 4° Ed. Minerva Medica.
- Govoni S., Spampinato S.M., Navarra P., et. al "Farmacologia". II Edizione Casa Editrice Ambrosiana
- L. L. Brunton, R. Hilal-Dandan, B. C. Knollmann “Goodman & Gilman Le basi farmacologiche della terapia” 13° Ed.

Teaching Methods

The course includes lectures and interactive lessons.
It is possible that some topics may be developed, in an integrated way, in collaboration with teachers of the clinical area.

Evaluation methods

Verification of learning:

The learning will be evaluated through a final examination which is an oral test aimed at providing a balanced assessment of the achievement of the objectives of the Core Curriculum.

Contacts/More Information

Prof. Di Iorio receives the students after taking appointment to via email: by e-mail to patrizia.diiorio@unich.it

Università degli Studi
"G. d'Annunzio"

Chieti - Pescara

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