The motor system, anatomic functional organization: the lateral and medial motor system. Role of neuromuscular spindles and musculotendinous receptors. The stretch reflex and its role in postural adjustments. The motor cortices, functions and effects of clinical and experimental lesions. The source of Movement, the readiness potential. The Libet experiment and free will as an illusion. Spasticity: clinical features, pathophysiology, experimental models. Evaluation of the patient with spasticity, differentiation among muscle weakness, co-contraction of antagonist muscles and muscular contractures. Trratment of spasticity, drugs, botulinum injections, posterior rhizotomy. The mirror neurons system: role in comprehension and imitation of movements. Mirror system and empathy. The broken mirror theory: evidence of mirror system dysfunction in autism spectrum disorders. Cerebellum and the motor system. Clinical features of cerebellar lesions. Role of basal ganglia in the motor system. Motor and non-motor disorders in Parkinson disease. Language, acquisition steps, the circuit of language. Aphasias: clinical features and differential diagnosis.