PHARMACOLOGY

Single discipline educational activity

Course Sheet

Course code:

TE0013

Academic Year of enrolment:

2022

Year of supply:

2023/2024

Type of Course:

Characterising

Degree:

Course of 1st Cycle Degree in SUSTAINABLE TECHNOLOGIES AND ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY

Disciplinary Sector:

Pharmacology

Language:

Italian

Location:

CHIETI

Credits:

Programme Year:

Professor and Collaborators:

ORLANDO Giustino

CHIAVAROLI Annalisa

Cycle:

First semester

Obligatory attendance:

Yes

Hours of classroom activity:

Individual study hours:

149

Prerequisites:

Having passed the exam of General physiology and applied to the environment.
Students must possess chemical knowledge (general, organic and analytical) and chemical equilibria in order to calculate the effective and toxic concentrations of xenobiotics in medicines and, subsequently, in body fluids and tissues. They must also know: the etiological bases and pathogenetic mechanisms of diseases; the fundamental aspects of the functions of the main organs and systems; the basics of biology and microbiology in the infective or tumor agent host interactions.

Objectives

Comprehensive knowledge of drugs, of the biomolecular aspects, of the aspects related to their administration, of the pharmacokinetics, of the pharmacological action and of the adverse reactions of the most important classes currently available, as well as of the toxicity mechanisms of drug interactions with concepts and general principles that are at the base of preclinical pharmacological experimentation at the clinic and elements of pharmacogenetic and pharmacological pharmacological evaluation. The release of pharmaceutical products and/or their metabolites into the ecosystem is one of the causes of the global environmental crisis of all living species and their presence contaminates the environment understood as biota, workplaces, foods (water and food) and feed. The presence of pharmaceutical products in the environment, in addition to the incorrect disposal, the pollution caused by the production sites, derives from the dispersion following the assumption of the drug for both human and veterinary use.

Contents

Provides students with an overview of all classes of drugs used in clinical practice, organized according to their therapeutic use on the basis of the organs or apparatuses that are the target of their action. Focus will be on drugs for diseases of the peripheral nervous system, for diseases of the cardiovascular system, for diseases of the central nervous system, for diseases of the digestive system, for diseases of the respiratory system, for the treatment of pain, for the therapy of inflammatory states, for the endocrine and reproductive system, for the therapy ofinfectious diseases and cancer. Topics of increasing relevance will also be addressed, such as biotechnological drugs and their use in the fields of greatest interest. Information on pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics and their impact on the use of drugs in therapy will also be provided.

Extended Syllabus

General outline of the main topics of Pharmacology.
Introduction
Drug Receptors & Pharmacodynamics
Pharmacokinetics & Pharmacodynamics: Rational Dosing & the Time Course of Drug Action
Monitoring of drug concentrations in the blood
Drug Biotransformation
Development & Regulation of Drugs
AUTONOMIC DRUGS
Introduction to Autonomic Pharmacology
Cholinoceptor-Activating & Cholinesterase-Inhibiting Drugs
Cholinoceptor-Blocking Drugs
Adrenoceptor Agonists & Sympathomimetic Drugs
Adrenoceptor Antagonist Drugs
CARDIOVASCULAR-RENAL DRUGS
DRUGS WITH IMPORTANT ACTIONS ON SMOOTH MUSCLE
Histamine, Serotonin, & the Ergot Alkaloids
Vasoactive Peptides
The Eicosanoids: Prostaglandins, Thromboxanes, Leukotrienes, & Related Compounds
Nitric Oxide
DRUGS THAT ACT IN THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
Introduction to the Pharmacology of CNS Drugs
Sedative-Hypnotic Drugs
The Alcohols
Antiseizure Drugs
General Anesthetics
Local Anesthetics
Skeletal Muscle Relaxants
Antipsychotic Agents & Lithium
Antidepressant Agents
Opioid Analgesics & Antagonists
Drugs of Abuse
DRUGS USED TO TREAT DISEASES OF THE BLOOD, INFLAMMATION, & GOUT
Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs, Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs, Nonopioid Analgesics, & Drugs Used in Gout
ENDOCRINE DRUGS
Hypothalamic & Pituitary Hormones
Thyroid & Antithyroid Drugs
Adrenocorticosteroids & Adrenocortical Antagonists
The Gonadal Hormones & Inhibitors
Pancreatic Hormones & Antidiabetic Drugs
Agents That Affect Bone Mineral Homeostasis
CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC DRUGS
Beta-Lactam & Other Cell Wall- & Membrane-Active Antibiotics
Tetracyclines, Macrolides, Clindamycin, Chloramphenicol, Streptogramins, & Oxazolidinones
Aminoglycosides & Spectinomycin
Sulfonamides, Trimethoprim, & Quinolones
Antimycobacterial Drugs
Antifungal Agents
Antiviral Agents
Miscellaneous Antimicrobial Agents; Disinfectants, Antiseptics, & Sterilants
Clinical Use of Antimicrobial Agents
Antiprotozoal Drugs
Clinical Pharmacology of the Antihelminthic Drugs
Cancer Chemotherapy
Therapeutic & Toxic Potential of Over-the-Counter Agents
Dietary Supplements & Herbal Medications
Rational Prescribing & Prescription Writing
Dispensing controlled drugs or abuse substances
Important Drug Interactions & Their Mechanisms
Pharmacovigilance.

Recommended Bibliography

B. G. Katzung, Basic and Clinical Pharmacology published by McGraw-Hill Education.
Pubmed (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/)
Caspur Emeroteca Virtuale http://periodici.caspur.it/

Methods of Provision

Conventional

Teaching Methods

Traditional didactic method through frontal or telematic lessons and classroom exercises and didactic laboratories. Teaching support activities, seminars and learning checks are planned.

Evaluation methods

Verification of learning:

Partial exemptions will be carried out in itinere to allow you to verify the effectiveness of the study carried out and possibly improve it with in-depth lessons and during the teacher's reception hours. The objective of the exam consists in verifying the level of achievement of the previously indicated educational objectives through at least 4/5 questions where the first two are of general nature, to which if the candidate does not answer correctly the test is considered not passed and 2/3 of the special part of the course. The student will have to demonstrate to KNOW and to be able to APPLY the knowledge acquired on the basic principles of pharmacology and on the classes of drugs used in the different pathological contexts, CONNECT the topics and ADDRESS and SOLVE complex problems that arise in pharmacological practice, also demonstrating the possession of communication skills and correct use of appropriate terminology. The final grade is the result of assessments of the candidate's ability to correctly and adequately present the topics addressed. The evaluated exam is considered passed in the interval between 18-30 and is communicated immediately at the end of the test. Honors are awarded in the case of complete and brilliant exposures.

Contacts/More Information

The course slides will be available in PDF format.

Università degli Studi
"G. d'Annunzio"

Chieti - Pescara

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