ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
Marcello Locatelli (2 CFU): Aims of Analytical Chemistry. Phases of the chemical-analytical process. Classification of methods of analysis. Processing of experimental data. Mean value of a data series, mode and median. Standard deviation and relative standard deviation. Systematic, random and gross errors. Absolute error and relative error. Source and treatment of systematic errors in analytical chemistry. Statistical treatment of random error. Gaussian probability distributions and Student's t. Average confidence intervals. Accuracy and precision. Laboratory exercises.
Vincenzo Ferrone (2 CFU): Sample preparation techniques for the determination of inorganic and organic analytes, of pollutants in the determination of heavy metals, pesticides, aromatic compounds, organic solvents. Air pollutants. Emerging pollutants, drugs (antibiotics, anticancer, antidepressants, hormones) and their metabolites. Endocrine modulators, plasticizers, PCBs. Personal care products. Fragrances, insecticides, glyphosate. Microplastics, metal nanoparticles. Polluting mixtures.
Giuseppe Carlucci (2 CFU): Electromagnetic radiation. Origin of the emission and absorption spectra. Radiation sources, monochromators and detectors. Molecular absorption spectrophotometry in the Visible / UV. Absorption spectra of molecules. Relationship between absorption and molecular structure. Lambert-Beer law. Spectrophotometers and their calibration. Spectrophotometric analysis of a single substance. Analysis of mixtures. Spectrophotometric titrations. Luminescence and Chemiluminescence. Fluorescence and phosphorescence. Fluorimetry. Exercises. Atomic spectroscopy: general aspects. Atomization systems. Quantitative relationships and calibration lines. Emission spectroscopy. Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AA) on flame and electro-atomizer. Atomic emission with plasma atomizers. Mass spectrometry and its applications in the environmental field in the determination of xenobiotics (LC-MS, LC-MS / MS). ICP-MS. Introduction to chromatographic separations: general principles. Classification of chromatographic methods. Chromatographic parameters: retention time, retention and selectivity factor, resolution. Efficiency of a chromatographic column: number of theoretical plates, equivalent height of a theoretical plate. Van Deemter equation. Bandwidth. Variables that affect the chromatographic efficiency. Qualitative and quantitative analysis by chromatography. Exercises. Principles of gas chromatography (GC). Isocratic and gradient chromatography. High and ultra-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC, UPLC), instrumentation and detectors.
